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Finland is investigating whether sabotage caused a leak in a Baltic Sea gas pipeline and a break in a data cable between the Nordic country and Estonia.
Sauli Niinistö, Finland’s president, said the damage to the gas pipeline and data cable was due to “external activity” but that the precise cause “is not yet known”. Finland’s foreign minister Elina Valtonen later on Tuesday said the two undersea links “have probably been damaged on purpose”.
The potential sabotage echoes last year’s explosions in the Baltic Sea, which destroyed the twin Nord Stream pipeline that connected Germany to Russia.
The president said he spoke to Jens Stoltenberg, Nato’s secretary-general, about the damage. Finland, which shares a 1,300km border with Russia, became the latest member of the western military alliance in April, upending decades of non-aligned status after Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Estonia has been a Nato member since 2004.
In recent days, Finland and Estonia have reported a possible leak to the 77km-long pipeline across the Gulf of Helsinki between the two countries, which opened in 2020.
Officials said a ship passed over the pipeline, causing the damage, but as it was stormy weather at the time it cannot yet be confirmed if it was a case of deliberate sabotage or an accidental act such as damage by an anchor.
“The investigation will continue in co-operation between Finland and Estonia. We are also in constant contact with our allies and partners . . . Finland’s level of preparedness is good. These events have no impact on our security of supply,” Niinistö added.
Stoltenberg said Nato was “sharing information and stands ready to support allies concerned”.
Henri Vanhanen, a researcher at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, said the Finnish authorities’ willingness to suspect sabotage indicated there was a “strong reason to assume hostile intent”.
“This is a test to the alliance: how will it react if indeed evidence of, for example, Russian interference is detected?”
He added: “If Russia is the culprit the big question is, why would it need to cut off gas and telecommunication connections in Finland? Is there a wider plan?”
Estonia’s foreign minister Margus Tsahkna said he had talked to his Finnish counterpart about “the concerning situation”. Finland’s prime minister Petteri Orpo said it seemed as though the cut in the data cable occurred in Estonian waters while the gas pipeline leak was in Finland’s.
Despite extensive investigations by Denmark, Sweden and Germany, nobody has been publicly blamed for the Nord Stream explosions in September 2022. Media leaks have suggested German prosecutors are focusing on a possible pro-Ukraine group while in Scandinavia attention has centred on multiple Russian military ships observed in the area.
Stoltenberg has made it clear that an attack on energy infrastructure in one of the alliance’s member states could be regarded as an attack on Nato. Speaking on a Norwegian oil rig in March, he told the Financial Times that “we cannot protect every metre of this infrastructure at every time” as there were 8,000km of pipelines and cables in Norway alone.
Both Finland and Estonia can receive gas from alternative sources — Finland via a liquefied natural gas terminal, and Estonia from a gas storage plant in neighbouring Latvia and a LNG terminal in Lithuania. Most of the gas in the pipeline at the time of the leak was being transported from Finland to Latvia via Estonia.
Orpo said the investigation was in its early stages but reassured Finns that the security of their energy supply was “fine” and that Finland continued to have a high level of preparedness.
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