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The UK’s competition regulator has approved Microsoft’s $75bn acquisition of Activision Blizzard, paving the way for its imminent closure after 21 months of legal wrangling.
The Competition and Markets Authority on Friday gave final approval to a revised deal that involves Microsoft licensing cloud streaming rights outside of the European Economic Area to Activision’s past and future catalogue, including titles such as Call of Duty, to French games publisher Ubisoft.
“We delivered a clear message to Microsoft that the deal would be blocked unless they comprehensively addressed our concerns and stuck to our guns on that,” said Sarah Cardell, the CMA’s chief executive.
“With the sale of Activision’s cloud streaming rights to Ubisoft, we’ve made sure Microsoft can’t have a stranglehold over this important and rapidly developing market,” she added. “We are the only competition agency globally to have delivered this outcome.”
Friday’s approval marks a win for Brad Smith, the Microsoft executive who led the company’s legal campaign to defend a deal that many investors and analysts had written off earlier this year.
“We’re grateful for the CMA’s thorough review and decision today,” Smith said. “We have now crossed the final regulatory hurdle to close this acquisition, which we believe will benefit players and the gaming industry worldwide.”
The agreement with Ubisoft forces Microsoft to give up control of Activision’s blockbuster franchises in the cloud gaming market and prevents them from becoming exclusives on its Xbox Cloud Gaming service, which the CMA had argued would entrench the company’s dominance in a nascent market.
That concession makes the CMA the only global regulator to force significant structural changes to the games industry’s biggest-ever deal. The lengthy process, however, left many questioning the UK agency’s approach and triggered widespread criticism of Cardell from business leaders, dealmakers and legal advisers.
On Friday, Cardell warned that “businesses and their advisers should be in no doubt that the tactics employed by Microsoft are no way to engage with the CMA”.
“Microsoft had the chance to restructure during our initial investigation but instead continued to insist on a package of measures that we told them simply wouldn’t work,” she said. “Dragging out proceedings in this way only wastes time and money.”
The UK regulator’s initial ruling in February 2023 provisionally found that the deal impeded competition in the games console market, after Sony — whose PlayStation is the market leader — vocally opposed the merger. But just a month later, after reviewing what it described as “new evidence”, the CMA reversed that position, to the surprise of many legal observers.
The CMA said in March that responses to its provisional findings showed that Microsoft would have no financial incentive to make Call of Duty exclusive to its Xbox consoles, which analysts estimate are outsold almost two to one by PlayStations.
However, Microsoft’s hopes that the agency’s about-turn would clear a path to approval were soon dashed. The CMA blocked the deal in April, citing concerns about the impact on cloud gaming. The companies lodged an appeal at the UK’s Competition Appeal Tribunal, hiring top barristers to make their case.
The CMA’s position stood at odds with the EU, which approved the deal in May following concessions from Microsoft to ensure Activision’s titles would not be exclusively available on its own cloud streaming service for 10 years.
July brought a turning point for the companies. Microsoft defeated an attempt by the Federal Trade Commission to prevent its closure in a US court, thwarting the legal action led by the agency’s chair Lina Khan. Hours after the US ruling, the CMA — by then largely isolated among global regulators in opposing the deal — said it had agreed with the companies to postpone the appeal while it considered a restructured transaction.
Within days, Sony had called a truce with Microsoft, agreeing a new licensing deal to keep Call of Duty on PlayStation following the merger.
Microsoft submitted a revised deal to the CMA in August, under which Activision’s cloud gaming rights will be sold to Ubisoft before the deal is completed. Ubisoft will then be able to offer those games on its own streaming service, while also licensing them to other cloud providers, including Microsoft. The commercial terms of the agreement were not disclosed.
The CMA granted provisional approval earlier this month, holding a short consultation before clearing the deal on Friday. The FTC is still proceeding with a challenge against the deal in its own in-house court that could seek to unwind the merger after it closes.
“The CMA’s official approval is great news for our future with Microsoft, and we look forward to becoming part of the Xbox Team,” Activision said.
Despite the FTC proceedings, Microsoft and Activision are expected to close their transaction, which was first announced in January 2022, in the coming days and ahead of a final deadline on October 18.
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